By Samuel Olubanjo Opebiyi
Introduction
Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) is an integral pillar in safeguarding the nation’s internal security, fulfilling mandates that place its operatives in constant danger. From protecting Critical National Assets and Infrastructure (CNAI) to combating illegal mining, ensuring food security, and preventing vandalism, NSCDC officers operate in hostile environments where they often face direct confrontations with terrorists. A tragic example unfolded on November 18, 2024, in Shiroro Local Government Area, Niger State, where seven NSCDC operatives were declared missing after being ambushed by Boko Haram insurgents while monitoring a national grid installation.
This incident underscores the inherent dangers tied to the Corps’ responsibilities and the critical need for adequate funding. With increased resources, the NSCDC can better equip its personnel, enhance operational readiness, and ensure their safety while addressing Nigeria’s multifaceted security challenges. This article delves into the Corps’ core mandates, the risks they entail, and why robust financial support is indispensable for the NSCDC to effectively discharge its duties
Protection of Critical National Assets and Infrastructure (CNAI)
One of the primary mandates of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) is the protection of Critical National Assets and Infrastructure (CNAI). This responsibility encompasses safeguarding essential facilities like power grids, pipelines, telecommunications installations, and other structures crucial for the nation’s economic stability and security. These assets are often the targets of terrorist groups and vandals, who view them as strategic points to undermine the government and inflict societal chaos.
The November 18, 2024, ambush in Shiroro Local Government Area, Niger State, starkly highlights the risks faced by NSCDC operatives. While conducting a routine patrol to secure a national grid installation, the operatives were attacked by Boko Haram insurgents. This encounter resulted in seven personnel being declared missing, with the Corps managing to repel the attackers after a fierce gunfight that left over 50 insurgents neutralized. Such incidents exemplify the high-stakes environment in which NSCDC operatives work to protect infrastructure critical to national development
Beyond the Shiroro incident, NSCDC operatives have also been targets while protecting pipelines from vandalism, a frequent tactic of insurgents and criminal elements aiming to disrupt the nation’s oil economy. These attacks not only endanger the lives of NSCDC personnel but also compromise national energy security and lead to significant economic losses.
Beyond power installations and pipelines, NSCDC’s mandate extends to protecting other strategic infrastructure, including telecommunications facilities, water installations, and government assets. These facilities, often located in vulnerable areas, require constant surveillance and protection. Terrorist groups, recognizing the strategic importance of these installations, will always want to target NSCDC personnel stationed at these locations.
Agro-Ranger for Food Security
The NSCDC Agro-Ranger programme is a vital initiative aimed at safeguarding Nigeria’s agricultural assets, farmers, and farmlands from criminal activities such as banditry and terrorism. This mandate ensures the stability of food production and distribution, making it crucial to the nation’s food security. However, Agro-Ranger operatives frequently face violent threats while executing their duties, as armed groups often target these regions to assert control or disrupt agricultural activities.
A stark example occurred in May 2024, when Agro-Ranger personnel in the Shaapera community of Gwer West Local Government Area, Benue State, were ambushed by bandits. According to the _Daily Post_, the operatives were on a mission to protect agro-allied investments when a confrontation with heavily armed bandits resulted in a fierce gunfight. Although the Agro-Rangers managed to inflict heavy casualties on the attackers, the unit’s commander tragically lost his life during the clash
Similarly, in April 2024, Agro-Ranger personnel repelled an attack on a grain silo in Dutsinma Local Government Area, Katsina State. As reported by _ChannelsTV_, the bandits aimed to destroy the Federal Government-owned facility and abduct its manager. The Agro-Rangers successfully thwarted the attack, demonstrating their critical role in preventing food-related crises. However, such engagements highlight the dangers they face
Earlier, in June 2023, armed bandits attacked NSCDC Agro-Rangers protecting a farm in Zamfara State. The operatives faced significant casualties during this confrontation, further illustrating the physical risks associated with their responsibilities. These repeated attacks on NSCDC personnel protecting rural communities reflect the increasing insecurity in agricultural zones
The dedication of NSCDC Agro-Rangers to protecting farmers and ensuring food security is commendable, but it comes at a great cost. These operatives often find themselves in direct confrontations with heavily armed groups, requiring advanced equipment, tactical training, and sufficient resources to minimize risks and enhance their effectiveness. Without adequate funding, their ability to continue protecting Nigeria’s agricultural sector remains significantly hindered.
Protection of Mining Sites and Prevention of Illegal Mining
NSCDC plays a critical role in securing Nigeria’s mineral resources by protecting legal mining sites and preventing illegal mining activities. This mandate is essential not only for preserving the environment but also for safeguarding national revenue streams from exploitation by criminals. However, this responsibility often places NSCDC operatives in direct confrontation with violent groups such as bandits and terrorists, who use illegal mining as a source of funding.
For instance, in 2021, NSCDC personnel in Kogi State were ambushed at a mining site while enforcing anti-illegal mining laws. This attack resulted in multiple injuries and fatalities among the officers, underlining the risks they face in such operations. According to reports by _The Guardian,_ the attackers were heavily armed and determined to protect their illegal operations
In a significant achievement, NSCDC operatives reclaimed over 200 mining sites across Nigeria from bandits and illegal miners, as reported by _The Punch_ and _The Nation_. This effort was essential to curbing criminal activities and restoring legitimate operations. These reclaimed sites included locations in mineral-rich areas that had been under the control of armed groups, showcasing the Corps’ determination to safeguard the nation’s resources despite immense risks.
The Corps also made headlines in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), where 22 suspected illegal miners were arrested. This operation disrupted illegal mining activities and resulted in the confiscation of critical equipment used in unregulated mining, according to _The Punch_. Such actions, though necessary, often draw the ire of well-armed criminal groups who resist such interventions.
These examples highlight the challenges NSCDC personnel encounter while carrying out this mandate. Illegal mining not only causes environmental degradation but also undermines Nigeria’s economic potential by diverting resources into the hands of criminal elements. The risks associated with confronting these well-armed groups necessitate adequate funding to improve operatives’ safety and operational efficiency.
The Commandant General of NSCDC, Dr. Ahmed Audi, has repeatedly emphasized that the nation’s mining sector faces threats from bandits, kidnappers, and other criminal elements. These groups not only exploit the country’s resources but also engage in violent attacks to protect their illicit activities. The Commandant General has called for robust measures, including legislation and funding, to ensure the safety of operatives and the integrity of mining operations
The Safe School Programme
The Safe School Programme, coordinated by Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC), is a cornerstone of efforts to protect education in Nigeria amidst the rising threat of attacks on schools. This program has become vital in ensuring the safety of students, teachers, and educational infrastructure, especially in regions affected by insurgency, banditry, and other security challenges.
According to _UNICEF,_ attacks on schools in Nigeria are a growing crisis, with over 19 incidents reported between 2022 and 2023, leading to the closure of 113 schools across Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe states. These attacks have disrupted the education of thousands of children and exacerbated an already dire situation where millions of children are out of school
NSCDC has responded by establishing the *National Safe School Response Coordination Centre (NSSRCC).* This initiative focuses on conducting risk assessments, developing security plans for schools, and enhancing collaboration between law enforcement and local communities. The Corps has successfully foiled 48 planned attacks on schools as reported by _The Punch_ of 9th December, 2023, showcasing its proactive approach to safeguarding educational institutions. However, as noted by _UNICEF,_ infrastructure remains a significant challenge, with about 14% of schools meeting basic safety standards
Beyond physical protection, NSCDC has also focused on building local capacity. Initiatives such as training teachers, students, and local vigilante groups in emergency response and personal security have strengthened community resilience. The Corps has also expanded its operational coverage through specialized units, including female squads deployed in high-risk areas to protect schools.
The Safe School Programme is a testament to the NSCDC’s commitment to securing education in Nigeria. However, its effectiveness is hindered by the scale of the threats faced. As emphasized by _UNICEF_ and other stakeholders, a collective effort involving adequate funding, infrastructure improvement, and policy implementation is crucial for the success of this initiative.
The Rising Challenges Faced by NSCDC
Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) is increasingly grappling with a host of daunting challenges as it strives to fulfill its extensive and vital mandates. The Corps’ operational scope has expanded over the years, placing it in direct confrontation with highly organized and violent criminal networks, including terrorists, kidnappers, bandits, and economic saboteurs.
NSCDC operatives often face threats from armed groups while discharging their duties. These confrontations arise due to the Corps’ direct involvement in safeguarding critical infrastructure, preventing vandalism, and ensuring the security of schools under the Safe School Programme. For instance, Boko Haram, known for targeting civilians and institutions of the Nigerian state, has posed significant risks to the Corps. The role of NSCDC in protecting mining sites, pipelines, and other assets further places them at odds with illegal miners and oil thieves, some of whom are heavily armed and connected to organized criminal syndicates
NSCDC’s expansive mandates mean it is often stretched thin. Its responsibilities include protecting Critical National Assets and Infrastructure (CNAI), combating vandalism, ensuring food security through the Agro-Ranger program, and safeguarding schools from attacks. The sheer diversity of these tasks not only tests the Corps’ operational capacity but also exposes its personnel to a wide array of dangers. The Corps is uniquely positioned as an internal security agency, frequently encountering threats more commonly handled by military forces, thus elevating the risk profile for its operatives
Recommendations
To address the growing challenges faced by Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) and enhance its ability to discharge its critical mandates effectively, the following recommendations are essential:
1. Substantial Increase in Budgetary Allocation for Operational and Logistical Needs
Adequate funding is crucial for NSCDC to maintain a high level of operational efficiency. A larger budget would enable the procurement of necessary tools such as armored vehicles, communication equipment, and uniforms. It would also allow for the deployment of more personnel to high-risk areas and the maintenance of critical infrastructure. Examples such as the Shiroro ambush highlight how underfunding exposes operatives to unnecessary risks and compromises national security
2. Investment in Advanced Technologies for Surveillance and Protection of Infrastructure
Modern security challenges require cutting-edge solutions. Investments in technologies such as drones, artificial intelligence-driven surveillance systems, and advanced monitoring tools would significantly improve NSCDC’s capacity to protect critical national assets. These tools can enhance real-time monitoring of pipelines, power grids, and schools, minimizing the likelihood of successful attacks by terrorists and vandals. Countries like Kenya have demonstrated the success of drone technology in monitoring wildlife and critical infrastructure, providing a model Nigeria could emulate.
3. Adequate Training and Equipping of NSCDC Personnel for High-Risk Operations
NSCDC personnel are frequently exposed to dangerous situations, as evidenced by confrontations with terrorists and other armed groups. Comprehensive training programs tailored to high-risk operations are essential. This includes counterterrorism strategies, crisis management, and specialized training for safe school interventions. Equipping personnel with modern protective gear, firearms, and tactical vehicles would further enhance their effectiveness and safety during operations
4. Strengthening Collaboration with Other Security Agencies for Shared Intelligence and Resource Optimization
Collaboration between NSCDC and other security agencies, such as the Nigerian Army, Police, and the Department of State Services (DSS), is vital. By fostering intelligence-sharing frameworks, NSCDC can benefit from broader situational awareness and pooled resources. Joint training exercises and coordinated response strategies would also improve the collective ability to tackle complex security challenges. This approach has been successful in counterinsurgency operations globally, such as the multi-agency collaboration seen in combating terrorism in Somalia.
Call to Action
Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the nation’s critical infrastructure, ensuring school safety, and combating terrorism and other threats. To enhance its capacity and address the challenges it faces, collaborative efforts are essential.
1. Appeal to Policymakers, Private Sector Partners, and International Organizations
Policymakers at all levels must prioritize increased budgetary allocations to NSCDC. This includes provisions for modern equipment, training programs, and technological advancements to meet the growing demands of its mandates. The private sector, particularly companies whose operations rely on secure infrastructure, should actively support capacity-building initiatives through funding, partnerships, and technology-sharing. Similarly, international organizations like UNICEF and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) can provide technical and financial support for critical programs like the Safe School Initiative and counterterrorism efforts.
2. Encourage Public Awareness and Support for the Corps’ Missions and Challenges
Public awareness campaigns should highlight the vital role of the NSCDC in national security and economic stability. Citizens must recognize the sacrifices of its personnel, such as those lost or missing in high-risk operations like the Shiroro ambush. Increased public engagement through community policing initiatives and support for the Corps’ programs will foster trust and cooperation, strengthening security outcomes at all levels.
About the Author
Samuel Olubanjo Opebiyi is a dedicated law enforcement professional and advocate for positive change within Nigeria’s security sector. He is currently serving as the Public Relations Officer for the NSCDC Oyo State Command.
